补充光照对欧洲云杉苗木生长的影响

光周期具有抑制苗木早期休眠,延长其生长期的作用,具有促进欧洲云杉苗木生长的作用,其在形态指标和生物量上表现得极显著.欧洲云杉大棚育苗补充光照的完整技术可采用整夜补光,随着光强度的增加,苗木生长形状各指标呈渐增的趋势.光质以白光较好.     

Automatic detection of washboarding in bandsaws

This paper presents an on-line method for detecting washboarding generated in bandsaws. It uses a parameter based on the shape of sawing force amplitude distributions. The curve of the probability density function of the parallel sawing force amplitude obeyed a normal distribution for the normal sawn surface, but it changed to an M-shaped distribution when washboarding appeared on the sawn surface of the workpiece. The curve of probability density function of the normal sawing force amplitude obeyed the normal distribution for any sawn surface investigated. The workpiece including a knot did not influence use of the parameter for detecting the appearance of washboarding.     

Combined effect of wood moisture content,drill bit rotational speed and feed rate on drilling resistance measurements in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

ABSTRACT

An IML-RESI PD 400 drilling tool and a standard spade drill bit (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) were used to study the combined effect of wood moisture content (MC), drill bit rotational speed and feed rate on drilling resistance (DR) and feeding force (FF). Tests were made with Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) conditioned in a normal climate (20°C/65% RH), at 20°C/95% RH, vacuum-pressure impregnated in water, and oven-dried. Rotational speeds and feed rates had an impact on feed rate per cutting edge for the major cutting edge of the drill bit which was used for correlation with DR and FF for various MC. Impact of MC on DR and FF depended on rotational speeds and feed rates of the drill bit. For feed rates per cutting edge less than 0.09?mm, DR was higher for water saturated (WS) specimens. Negligible differences between DR for various MC were found for feed rates per cutting edge between 0.09 and 0.15?mm. DR was higher at low MC for feed rates per cutting edge which were higher than 0.15?mm. FF extremely increased in conditioned (20°C/95% RH) and WS specimens at feed rates per cutting edge less than 0.1?mm.     

对两个材料力学问题的探讨

在材料力学中,对铸铁试件的轴向压缩破坏一般都认为破坏断面与杆件横截面成45°角;在材料的应力分析上,只对平面应力状态进行研究,对三角形单元的应力研究轻少。为此分别采用实验方法和分析法,对上述两个问题进行探讨。其实验结果是:铸铁试件的压缩破坏一般在55°左右,考虑内摩擦力的影响后,得到了很好的理论解释;而对三角形单元的应力分析,用应力圆法求解简单方便。对这两个问题的研究,将有助于材料力学的应用与发展。     

对中国共产党代表中国先进生产力发展要求的思考

只有中国共产党能够代表中国先进生产力的发展要求。本文从先进生产力发展的内在要求出发,论述了代表先进生产力发展要求,必须坚持科学技术是第一生产力,必须高度重视人的因素。     

农业机械化主要制约因素的制度创新研究

农业机械化是农业现代化建设的重要内容，其发展受很多因素的影响和制约。其中，耕地规模化经营是农机化发展的必要条件，资金投入是农机化发展的财政基础，农村剩余劳动力转移规模是农机化发展的客观前提。为此，在广泛研究国内外文献资料的基础上，提出了土地、资金和劳动力转移制度创新的建议和对策。     

科氏力谷物流量传感器的研究

通过比较市场上应用的几种谷物流量传感器的优缺点,利用科氏力原理,分析谷物流量与科氏力力矩之间的关系,研究出一种旋转圆盘式谷物流量传感器.同时,简述了其系统构成、工作原理及信号接收系统.实践证明:该流量传感器具有测量精度高、使用方便等特点,具有一定的应用价值.     

The environmental performance of milk production on a typical Portuguese dairy farm

The activities associated with raw milk production on dairy farms require an effective evaluation of their environmental impact. The present study evaluates the global environmental impacts associated with milk production on dairy farms in Portugal and identifies the processes that have the greatest environmental impact by using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The main factors involved in milk production were included, namely: the dairy farm, maize silage, ryegrass silage, straw, concentrates, diesel and electricity. The results suggest that the major source of air and water emissions in the life cycle of milk is the production of concentrates. The activities carried out on dairy farms were the major source of nitrous oxides (from fuel combustion), ammonia, and methane (from manure management and enteric fermentation). Nevertheless, dairy farm activities, which include manure management, enteric fermentation and diesel consumption, make the greatest contributions to the categories of impact considered, with the exception of the abiotic depletion category, contributing to over 70% of the total global warming potential (1021.3 kg CO₂ eq. per tonne of milk), 84% of the total photochemical oxidation potential (0.2 kg C₂H₄ eq. per tonne of milk), 70% of the total acidification potential (20.4 kg SO₂ eq. per tonne of milk), and 41% of the total eutrophication potential (7.1 kg eq. per tonne of milk). The production of concentrates and maize silage are the major contributors to the abiotic depletion category, accounting for 35% and 28%, respectively, of the overall abiotic depletion potential (1.4 Sb eq. per tonne of milk). Based on this LCA case study, we recommend further work to evaluate some possible opportunities to improve the environmental performance of Portuguese milk production, namely: (i) implementing integrated solutions for manure recovery/treatment (e.g. anaerobic digestion) before its application to the soil as organic fertiliser during maize and ryegrass production; (ii) improving manure nutrient use efficiency in order to decrease the importation of nutrients; (iii) diversifying feeding crops, as the dependence on two annual forage crops is expected to lead to excessive soil mobilisation (and related impacts) and to insignificant carbon dioxide sequestration from the atmosphere; and (iv) changing the concentrate mixtures.     

双蜗壳式双吸泵隔板结构对叶轮径向力的影响

分别对单、双蜗壳式双吸泵10个工况点进行全三维流道的数值模拟和试验测试,发现由于双蜗壳式泵内部隔板设计不合理,导致双蜗壳泵较单蜗壳泵在原设计工况点的扬程、效率分别相对下降了21.8％和41.3％.依据双蜗壳设计基本原理,对隔板结构提出3种改进方案,利用雷诺时均方法( RANS)和SSTk -ω湍流模型对每一方案进行全三维流道的定常数值模拟.模拟和试验结果表明:2号双蜗壳泵既保持了泵原有的水力性能,又能够有效地减小叶轮径向力,因此得到双蜗壳式双吸泵中隔板结构的最优设计模型:起始位置为隔舌绕基圆旋转180°、曲线方程为对数螺旋线、终止位置为隔板起始点旋转180°.     

以提高农民收入,发展农村经济为目标推进农业机械化进程--兼与广大读者共贺新年

农业机械化在我国农业现代化建设中的重要作用使之成为农业现代化的重要内容和主要标志．还没有其它任何一项农业新技术能在农业生产所有领域中被普遍应用，并产生强效地促进作用。提高农民收入、发展农村经济成为农业机械化新时期的重要任务之一，建设现代农业对2004年农业机械化上作提出了新的要求。